CAPTION Left: original network published in Moreno (1934) Who Shall Survive? Center: redesigned network, indicating the number of incoming connections (dark blue=0, white=3 or more) Right: redesigned network, highlighting girls (orange) and boys (white). Click on images to enlarge.
Moreno’s sociograms are frequently considered as the first examples of social network analysis and visualization. Mapping the social affinities of a group of individuals, Moreno’s first sociograms visualize the relationships between pupils in a classroom: who wants to be sitting next to whom? Each child can choose two others, for results that suggest that sociabilities are changing over time: the proportion of attractions between boys and girls decrease, community structures are formed and then disappear, etc.
Sociological and mathematical interests of this work have already been discussed in thousands of publications. This post simply questions the visual practices introduced by Moreno and compares them to a more modern way of visualizing such networks. It is clear that the hand drawing causes a visual bias, particularly because of Moreno’s decision to separate girls and boys into two predefined groups. Visualizations below, for the 8 classes (1st to 8th grade) show that this bipartition is not always justified since communities are formed inside them (the inter-sexual “bridges” between boys and girls are not the only structural bridges between cliques). We note that playing with the size and color of the nodes enables a faster understanding of the graphs structure. Also note the measures proposed by Moreno (“unchosen”, “stars”, “triangles”, etc.), which prefigure some of the metrics used today to describe networks and their components (centrality measures, for example).
Sociograms
Class Structure, 1st Grade
21 boys and 14 girls. 18 Unchosen; 3 Pairs; 5 Stars; 0 Chains; 0 Triangles; 22 Inter-sexual attractions.
Class Structure, 2nd Grade
14 boys and 14 girls. 9 Unchosen; 11 Pairs; 2 Stars; 0 Chains; 1 Triangle; 5 Inter-sexual attractions. Note: the two “CR” nodes have been accidentally merged in the redrawn graphs.
Class Structure, 3rd Grade
19 boys and 14 girls. 7 Unchosen; 14 Pairs; 3 Stars; 1 Chains; 0 Triangles; 3 Inter-sexual attractions.
Class Structure, 4th Grade
17 boys and 16 girls. 6 Unchosen; 17 Pairs; 2 Stars; 0 Chains; 2 Triangles; 1 Inter-sexual attractions.
Class Structure, 5th Grade
19(+5) boys and 18(+5) girls. 10 Unchosen; 19 Pairs; 2 Stars; 2 Chains; 2 Triangles; 1 Inter-sexual attractions.
Class Structure, 6th Grade
18(+3) boys and 21(+1) girls. 6 Unchosen; 26 Pairs; 1 Star; 2 Chains; 3 Triangles; 0 Inter-sexual attractions.
Class Structure, 7th Grade
14 boys and 18 girls. 5 Unchosen; 15 Pairs; 5 Stars; 2 Chains; 0 Triangles; 2 Inter-sexual attractions.
Class Structure, 8th Grade
22(+7) boys and 22(+4) girls. 12 Unchosen; 13 Pairs; 2 Stars; 0 Chains; 1 Triangle; 8 Inter-sexual attractions.
@mr_sunshine - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited http://t.co/zKBp3mvdRi via @GrandjeanMartin
@aedaa - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited http://t.co/7e1RKKnHbj
@BeatrizPatraca - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited http://t.co/8MhWTI2cUX vía @GrandjeanMartin
@isidromj - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited http://t.co/iFZrojvtkv #sna
Frédéric Clavert (@inactinique) - #Veille Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited - http://t.co/t27zIPMkE3
@mhsorens - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno's Sociograms revisited http://t.co/MoM3ZzKeh2 by @GrandjeanMartin http://t.co/nRdeG4PDvT
@PMBonnaud - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno's Sociograms revisited http://t.co/aDWRjJWQUP by @GrandjeanMartin http://t.co/JX395mNYbI
@llocklee - Where it all began....Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited http://t.co/gy3dh6BTO0 via @GrandjeanMartin
@SocioVizNet - Social network analysis and #dataviz: Moreno's Sociograms revisited by @grandjeanmartin http://t.co/HxR61cjh3n #SNA http://t.co/JOuhRniu0j
@Katashkov - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno's Sociograms revisited http://t.co/IEmuJktEM4
@SocioVizNet - Social network analysis and #dataviz: Moreno's Sociograms revisited by @grandjeanmartin https://t.co/HxR61cjh3n #SNA https://t.co/JOuhRniu0j
@SylvainGrisot - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno's Sociograms revisited https://t.co/6Nieei8CIL via @grandjeanmartin
@gruzd - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno's Sociograms revisited https://t.co/0RSfYk2GEZ via @grandjeanmartin
@educofin - @FNALab @gruzd: Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno's Sociograms revisited https://t.co/vj6rPbdTXY via @grandjeanmartin”
@ahmetkizilay - revisiting Moreno's sociograms by @GrandjeanMartin https://t.co/igN4DmuZST
@pdsuniovi - #Socialnetwork analysis and #visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited https://t.co/lKsCfuBQ7e
L’art de dessiner des graphes | archivEngines - […] les relations interpersonnelles d’enfants réunis dans un cadre scolaire (GrandJean 2014). Le psychosociologue Milgram peaufine en 1967 la théorie…
@shayneirving - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited https://t.co/9oZdaclKW8
@lista_redes - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno’s Sociograms revisited https://t.co/X2JhsmP9Ce #sna #Visualizations
Diego Armando (@darguevara) - Social network analysis and visualization: Moreno's Sociograms revisited https://t.co/53kCtdAwbR vía @grandjeanmartin
Martin Grandjean (@GrandjeanMartin) - Since the publication of this post in 2015 (https://t.co/1WeXNaGpnm), many people have asked me for Moreno's sociog… https://t.co/f6X33Mbd3g
these are great. thanks for the new views of moreno’s sociograms!
In Class Structure, 2nd Grade, why does CR get to pick four people they would want to sit next two?
My mistake, there are 2 CR and I accidentally merged them. I’ll make a note.
What’s up with FE in the second grade? Was FE unable to pick two other students?
Good eyes! I don’t know, it’s the source of only one edge in the original version.